Hatsarin da ke tattare da ayyukan hako mai da iskar gas yana da ban tsoro, tare da mafi muni shine rashin tabbas na matsa lamba na ƙasa.A cewar Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Duniya.Drilling Matsakaicin Gudanarwa (MPD)wata dabara ce mai daidaitawa da ake amfani da ita don sarrafa matsi na shekara-shekara a cikin rijiyoyin.A cikin shekaru hamsin da suka gabata, an ƙirƙira fasahohi da hanyoyi da yawa don ragewa da shawo kan ƙalubalen da rashin tabbas ya kawo.Tun da aka ƙaddamar da Na'urar Kula da Juyawa ta farko (RCD) a duniya a cikin 1968, Weatherford ya kasance majagaba a cikin masana'antar.
A matsayin jagora a cikin masana'antar MPD, Weatherford ya ƙera sabbin hanyoyin warwarewa da fasaha daban-daban don faɗaɗa kewayo da aikace-aikacen sarrafa matsin lamba.Koyaya, sarrafa matsi ba kawai game da sarrafa matsa lamba na annular ba ne.Dole ne ta yi la'akari da ƙayyadaddun yanayin aiki na musamman a duk duniya, rikitattun gyare-gyare, da ƙalubale a wurare daban-daban na rijiyoyi.Tare da shekarun da suka gabata na ƙwarewar da aka tara, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kamfanin sun fahimci cewa ya kamata a tsara ingantaccen tsarin kula da matsa lamba don magance kalubale daban-daban maimakon kasancewa tsarin da ya dace da kowane aikace-aikacen.Ta hanyar wannan ƙa'idar, an haɓaka fasahar MPD na matakai daban-daban don biyan buƙatu daban-daban na kamfanoni masu aiki, ba tare da la'akari da ƙalubalen yanayinsu ko muhallinsu ba.
01. Ƙirƙirar Tsarin Rufe-Maida Amfani da RCD
RCD yana ba da tabbacin aminci da karkatar da kwarara, aiki azaman fasahar matakin shigarwa don MPD.An haɓaka asali a cikin 1960s don ayyukan kan teku, RCDs an tsara su don karkatar da kwararar ruwa a saman.BOPdon ƙirƙirar tsarin rufaffiyar madauki.Kamfanin ya ci gaba da haɓakawa da haɓaka fasahar RCD, yana samun nasarar tabbatar da filin cikin shekaru da yawa.
Yayin da aikace-aikacen MPD ke faɗaɗa zuwa ƙarin fagage masu ƙalubale (kamar sabbin mahalli da ƙalubale), ana sanya buƙatu masu girma akan tsarin MPD.Wannan ya haifar da ci gaba da ci gaba a fasahar RCD, wanda a yanzu yana da matsi da yanayin zafi mai girma, har ma da samun cancantar amfani a cikin tsaftataccen yanayin iskar gas daga Cibiyar Man Fetur ta Amurka.Misali, abubuwan da ke rufe yanayin zafi mai zafi na Weatherford's polyurethane suna da 60% mafi girman zafin jiki idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan haɗin polyurethane na yanzu.
Tare da balaga na masana'antar makamashi da haɓaka kasuwannin teku, Weatherford ya haɓaka sabbin nau'ikan RCDs don magance ƙalubale na musamman na mahalli mara zurfi da zurfin ruwa.RCDs da aka yi amfani da su akan dandamalin hakowa-ruwa suna matsayi sama da saman BOP, yayin da a kan tasoshin hakowa masu ƙarfi, RCDs galibi ana shigar da su a ƙasa da zoben tashin hankali a matsayin wani ɓangare na taron riser.Ba tare da la'akari da aikace-aikacen ko muhalli ba, RCD ya kasance fasaha mai mahimmanci, yana riƙe da matsa lamba na shekara-shekara yayin ayyukan hakowa, samar da shinge mai jure matsi, hana haɗarin hakowa, da sarrafa mamayewar ruwaye.
02. Ƙara Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru
Yayin da RCDs na iya karkatar da magudanar ruwa mai dawowa, ana samun ikon sarrafa matsi na bayanin martabar rijiyar ta hanyar kayan aikin saman ƙasa, musamman magudanar ruwa.Haɗa wannan kayan aiki tare da RCDs yana ba da damar fasahar MPD, yana ba da iko mai ƙarfi akan matsi na rijiyar.Weatherford's PressurePro Managed Matsatsi bayani, lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi tare da RCDs, yana haɓaka iyawar hakowa yayin guje wa abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da matsa lamba.
Wannan tsarin yana amfani da Interface Mutum-Machine guda ɗaya (HMI) don sarrafa bawul ɗin shake.Ana nuna HMI akan kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka a cikin gidan mai harbin ko kuma a bene na rig, yana bawa ma'aikatan filin damar sarrafa bawul ɗin shaƙa yayin sa ido kan mahimman sigogin hakowa.Masu aiki suna shigar da ƙimar matsa lamba da ake so, sannan tsarin PressurePro yana kiyaye wannan matsa lamba ta atomatik ta sarrafa SBP.Za a iya daidaita bawul ɗin shaƙa ta atomatik bisa ga canje-canje a cikin matsa lamba na ƙasa, yana ba da damar gyare-gyaren tsarin sauri da aminci.
03. Amsa ta atomatik don Rage Hatsarin hakowa
Maganin MPD mai hankali na Victus yana tsaye azaman ɗayan mahimman samfuran MPD na Weatherford kuma ɗayan ingantattun fasahar MPD a kasuwa.Gina kan manyan RCD na Weatherford da fasahar bawul ɗin shake, wannan maganin yana ɗaukaka daidaito, sarrafawa, da aiki da kai zuwa matakan da ba a taɓa gani ba.Ta hanyar haɗa kayan aikin hakowa, yana ba da damar sadarwa tsakanin injuna, bincike na ainihin yanayin rijiyar, da saurin amsawa ta atomatik daga wuri mai tsaka-tsaki, don haka daidaitaccen matsi na ƙasa.
A gaban kayan aiki, maganin Victus yana haɓaka kwarara da ƙarfin ma'aunin ƙima ta hanyar haɗa mitoci masu gudana na Coriolis da yawa tare da bawuloli huɗu masu sarrafa kansu.Na'urori masu haɓaka na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa suna la'akari da yanayin yanayin ruwa da samuwar ruwa, damtse ruwa, da tasirin yankan rijiyar don tantance matsi na gindin ƙasa na ainihin lokaci.Algorithms na sarrafa hankali na wucin gadi (AI) suna gano abubuwan da ba su da kyau, suna faɗakar da mai aikin dillali da masu aikin MPD, da aika umarni daidaitawa ta atomatik zuwa kayan aikin saman MPD.Wannan yana ba da damar gano ainihin-lokaci na kwararar rijiya / hasara kuma yana ba da damar gyare-gyare masu dacewa ga kayan aiki dangane da ƙirar hydraulic da kulawa mai hankali, duk ba tare da buƙatar shigar da hannu daga masu aiki ba.Tsarin, wanda ya dogara da masu sarrafa dabaru na shirye-shirye (PLCs), na iya haɗawa cikin sauƙi a kowane wuri a kan dandamalin hakowa don samar da abin dogaro, amintaccen kayan aikin MPD.
Sauƙaƙan ƙirar mai amfani yana taimaka wa masu amfani su kasance da hankali kan mahimman sigogi da fitar da faɗakarwa don abubuwan da suka faru kwatsam.Sa ido na tushen matsayi yana bin aikin kayan aikin MPD, yana ba da damar kiyayewa.Amintaccen rahoto mai sarrafa kansa, kamar taƙaitaccen yau da kullun ko nazarin aiki, yana ƙara haɓaka aikin hakowa.A cikin ayyukan ruwa mai zurfi, kulawar nesa ta hanyar mai amfani guda ɗaya yana sauƙaƙe shigarwa ta atomatik ta atomatik, cikakken rufewar Na'urar Isolation na Annular (AID), kullewa da buɗewa na RCD, da sarrafa hanyar kwarara.Daga ƙirar rijiyar da ayyuka na ainihin lokaci zuwa taƙaitaccen aiki, duk bayanan sun kasance masu daidaituwa.Gudanar da hangen nesa na ainihin-lokaci da kima/tsari na aikin injiniya ana sarrafa su ta hanyar dandali na Inganta Haɓaka Gine-gine na CENTRO.
Abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu sun haɗa da amfani da mita masu matsananciyar matsa lamba (wanda aka shigar a kan mai tashi) don maye gurbin masu sauƙi na bugun bugun fanfo don ingantacciyar ma'aunin kwarara.Tare da wannan sabuwar fasaha, za a iya kwatanta kaddarorin rheological da yawan magudanar ruwa da ke shiga rufaffiyar hakowa da'ira da ma'auni na dawo da ruwa.Idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin auna laka na al'ada tare da ƙananan ƙararrakin sabuntawa, wannan tsarin yana ba da ingantaccen ƙirar hydraulic da bayanan ainihin-lokaci.
04. Samar da Sauƙaƙan, Madaidaicin Kula da Matsi da Samun Bayanai
Fasahar PressurePro da Victus sune mafita waɗanda aka haɓaka don matakin shigarwa da aikace-aikacen sarrafa matsa lamba na ci gaba, bi da bi.Weatherford ya gane cewa akwai aikace-aikacen da suka dace don mafita da ke faɗuwa tsakanin waɗannan matakan biyu.Sabon mafita na Modus MPD na kamfanin ya cika wannan gibin.An tsara shi don aikace-aikace daban-daban kamar yanayin zafi mai zafi ko ƙananan zafin jiki, bakin teku, da ruwa mai zurfi, manufar tsarin ita ce madaidaiciya: don mayar da hankali kan fa'idodin aikin fasaha na sarrafa matsa lamba, ba da damar kamfanoni masu aiki su yi rawar jiki da kyau da kuma rage matsa lamba. al'amura.
Maganin Modus yana fasalta ƙirar ƙira don sassauƙa da ingantaccen shigarwa.Ana ajiye na'urori uku a cikin kwantena ɗaya na jigilar kaya, suna buƙatar ɗagawa ɗaya kawai yayin zazzagewar wurin.Idan an buƙata, ana iya cire nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan) ana iya cire su daga kwandon jigilar kayayyaki don takamaiman wuri a kusa da wurin rijiyar.
The choke manifold wani tsari ne mai zaman kansa, amma idan akwai buƙatar shigar da shi a cikin abubuwan more rayuwa da ake da su, ana iya daidaita tsarin don biyan takamaiman buƙatun kowane dandamali na hakowa.An sanye shi da bawuloli masu sarrafa dijital guda biyu, tsarin yana ba da damar yin amfani da sassauƙa na ko dai bawul don keɓewa ko amfani da haɗin gwiwa don ƙimar kwarara mafi girma.Daidaitaccen sarrafa waɗannan bawul ɗin shaƙa yana haɓaka matsa lamba na rijiya da Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsala (ECD), yana ba da damar hakowa mafi inganci tare da ƙananan ƙarancin laka.Har ila yau, manifold yana haɗa tsarin kariyar wuce gona da iri da bututu.
Na'urar auna magudanar ruwa wani tsari ne.Yin amfani da mitoci masu gudana na Coriolis, yana auna ƙimar dawowar kwarara da kaddarorin ruwa, waɗanda aka sani azaman ma'aunin masana'antu don daidaito.Tare da ci gaba da bayanan ma'auni na taro, masu aiki za su iya gano canje-canjen matsa lamba na downhole nan da nan da ke bayyana a cikin nau'in anomalies na kwarara.Ganuwa na ainihin lokaci na yanayin rijiyar yana sauƙaƙe amsawa da sauri da daidaitawa, magance matsalolin matsa lamba kafin su yi tasiri akan ayyuka.
An shigar da tsarin sarrafa dijital a cikin tsari na uku kuma yana da alhakin sarrafa bayanai da ayyuka na ma'auni da na'urorin sarrafawa.Wannan dandali na dijital yana aiki ta hanyar HMI na kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, yana ba masu aiki damar duba yanayin aunawa tare da yanayin tarihi da matsi na sarrafawa ta hanyar software na dijital.Shafukan da aka nuna akan allon suna ba da yanayin yanayin yanayin ƙasa, yana ba da damar mafi kyawun yanke shawara da saurin amsawa dangane da bayanan.Lokacin aiki a cikin yanayin matsa lamba na ƙasa akai-akai, tsarin na iya ɗaukar matsa lamba cikin sauri yayin lokutan haɗin gwiwa.Tare da latsa maɓallin sauƙi, tsarin ta atomatik yana daidaita bawul ɗin shaƙa don amfani da matsa lamba da ake buƙata zuwa rijiyar, yana riƙe da matsa lamba na ƙasa ba tare da kwarara ba.Ana tattara bayanan da suka dace, ana adana su don nazarin aikin bayan aiki, kuma ana watsa su ta hanyar Tsarin Watsa Labarai na Well Information (WITS) don dubawa akan dandalin CENTRO.
Ta hanyar sarrafa matsa lamba ta atomatik, mafita na Modus na iya amsawa da sauri ga canje-canjen matsin lamba, kare ma'aikata, rijiya, muhalli, da sauran kadarori.A matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin mutuncin rijiyar rijiyar, Modus bayani yana sarrafa daidaitaccen ma'aunin kewayawa (ECD), yana ba da ingantacciyar hanya don haɓaka amincin aiki da kuma kare amincin samuwar, ta haka samun hakowa mai aminci a cikin kunkuntar tagogin aminci tare da masu canji da yawa da waɗanda ba a sani ba.
Weatherford ya dogara da fiye da shekaru 50 na gwaninta, dubban ayyuka, da miliyoyin sa'o'i na lokacin aiki don taƙaita hanyoyin amintattu, jawo wani kamfani mai aiki na Ohio don ƙaddamar da mafita na Modus.A cikin yankin Utica Shale, kamfanin da ke aiki yana buƙatar haƙa rijiya mai inci 8.5 zuwa zurfin ƙira don saduwa da maƙasudin farashin kashe kuɗi.
Idan aka kwatanta da lokacin hakowa da aka shirya, maganin Modus ya rage lokacin hakowa da kashi 60 cikin 100, tare da kammala dukkan sashin rijiyar a cikin tafiya guda.Makullin wannan nasarar shine amfani da fasahar MPD don kula da ɗimbin ɗimbin laka a cikin sashin da aka ƙera a kwance, rage yawan asarar matsi na rijiya.Manufar ita ce a guje wa yuwuwar lalacewa daga laka mai yawa a cikin gyare-gyare tare da bayanan matsi mara tabbas.
A lokacin ƙayyadaddun ƙirar ƙira da matakan ƙirar gini, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Weatherford sun haɗa kai tare da kamfanin aiki don ayyana iyakar rijiyar kwance da saita manufofin hakowa.Ƙungiyar ta gano buƙatun kuma ta ƙirƙiri ingantaccen tsarin isar da sabis wanda ba kawai daidaita aiwatar da aiwatar da aikin ba amma ya rage farashin gabaɗaya.Injiniyoyin Weatherford sun ba da shawarar mafita na Modus a matsayin mafi kyawun zaɓi ga kamfani mai aiki.
Bayan kammala zane, ma'aikatan filin Weatherford sun gudanar da bincike na yanar gizo a Ohio, suna ba da damar ƙungiyar gida don shirya wurin aiki da wurin taro da ganowa da kuma kawar da haɗari.A halin yanzu, masana daga Texas sun gwada kayan aikin kafin jigilar kaya.Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin biyu sun ci gaba da ci gaba da sadarwa tare da kamfanin aiki don daidaita isar da kayan aiki akan lokaci.Bayan na'urorin MPD na Modus sun isa wurin da ake hakowa, an gudanar da ingantacciyar shigarwa da ƙaddamarwa, kuma ƙungiyar Weatherford cikin sauri ta daidaita tsarin aikin MPD don ɗaukar sauye-sauye a ƙirar haƙoƙin kamfanin.
05. Akan Aikace-aikacen Nasarar Yanar Gizo
Sai dai jim kadan bayan saukar rijiyar sai ga alamun toshewa a rijiyar.Bayan tattaunawa da kamfanin da ke aiki, ƙungiyar MPD ta Weatherford ta ba da sabon tsarin aiki don magance matsalar.Maganin da aka fi so shine ƙara matsawa baya yayin da a hankali ke haɓaka yawan laka ta 0.5ppg (0.06 SG).Wannan ya ba da damar na'urar hakowa ta ci gaba da hakowa ba tare da jiran gyare-gyaren laka ba kuma ba tare da ƙara yawan laka ba.Tare da wannan gyare-gyare, an yi amfani da taron hakowa na ƙasa guda ɗaya don yin rami zuwa zurfin maƙasudin sashin kwance a cikin tafiya ɗaya.
A duk lokacin da ake gudanar da aikin, maganin Modus yana lura da kwararar rijiyoyi da asara, yana bawa kamfanin da ke aiki damar yin amfani da ruwan hakowa tare da rage yawan amfani da barite.A matsayin madaidaicin laka mai ƙarancin yawa a cikin rijiyar, fasaha ta Modus MPD ta yi amfani da matsananciyar matsananciyar baya a rijiyar don ɗaukar yanayin ci gaba da sauyawa.Hanyoyin al'ada yawanci suna ɗaukar sa'o'i ko yini don haɓaka ko rage yawan laka.
Ta hanyar yin amfani da fasahar Modus, kamfanin da ke aiki ya haƙa zuwa zurfin maƙasudin kwanaki tara gabanin ƙira kwanakin (kwanaki 15).Bugu da ƙari, ta hanyar rage yawan laka ta 1.0 ppg (0.12 SG) da daidaita matsi na baya don daidaita matsi da haɓakar haɓaka, kamfanin da ke aiki ya rage farashin gabaɗaya.Tare da wannan maganin Weatherford, sashin kwance na ƙafa 18,000 (mita 5486) an hako shi a cikin tafiya guda ɗaya, yana haɓaka ƙimar Mechanical Rate of Penetration (ROP) da 18% idan aka kwatanta da rijiyoyi na al'ada huɗu na kusa.
06.Mai hangen nesa kan makomar Fasahar MPD
Abubuwan da aka zayyana a sama, inda aka ƙirƙiri ƙima ta hanyar haɓaka aiki, misali ɗaya ne kawai na aikace-aikacen mafi fa'ida na Weatherford's Modus.Nan da shekarar 2024, za a tura wani tsari na tsari a duk duniya don kara fadada amfani da fasahar sarrafa matsin lamba, da baiwa sauran kamfanonin da ke aiki damar fahimta da cimma kimar dogon lokaci tare da karancin yanayi mai rikitarwa da ingancin ginin rijiya.
Shekaru da yawa, masana'antar makamashi tana amfani da fasahar sarrafa matsa lamba ne kawai yayin ayyukan hakowa.Weatherford yana da ra'ayi daban-daban akan sarrafa matsa lamba.Magani ne na haɓaka aiki wanda ya dace da yawa, idan ba duka ba, nau'ikan rijiyoyin mai, gami da rijiyoyin kwance, rijiyoyin jagora, rijiyoyin raya ƙasa, rijiyoyi masu yawa, da ƙari.Ta hanyar sake fasalin manufofin da ikon sarrafa matsa lamba a cikin rijiyar zai iya cimma, ciki har da aikin siminti, kwandon shara, da sauran ayyuka, duk suna amfana daga tsayayyen rijiyar, guje wa rugujewar rijiyar da lalacewa yayin da ake haɓaka aiki.
Misali, sarrafa matsin lamba yayin aikin siminti yana ba kamfanoni masu aiki damar magance abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin rami kamar kwararar ruwa da asara, don haka inganta keɓewar yanki.Siminti mai sarrafa matsi yana da tasiri musamman a rijiyoyin da ke da kunkuntar tagogin hakowa, da rarrauna, ko tazara kaɗan.Yin amfani da kayan aikin sarrafa matsa lamba da fasaha a yayin ayyukan kammalawa yana ba da damar sauƙin sarrafa matsa lamba yayin shigar da kayan aikin kammalawa, inganta ingantaccen aiki da rage haɗari.
Ingantacciyar sarrafa matsi a cikin amintattun windows masu aiki kuma ana amfani da su ga duk rijiyoyi da ayyuka.Tare da ci gaba da fitowar mafita na Modus da tsarin kula da matsa lamba da aka keɓance don aikace-aikace daban-daban, sarrafa matsa lamba a cikin rijiyoyin mai yanzu yana yiwuwa.Maganganun Weatherford na iya ba da cikakkiyar kulawar matsa lamba, rage hatsarori, haɓaka ingancin rijiya, haɓaka kwanciyar hankali, da haɓaka samarwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-20-2024